Can you try just adding a field to the user or the notification? Narrow it down within date if you want to.
Ex:
Create/send your Notification thing however you do it… but just add a conditional… Only when Current user’s Notification is No (add a yes/no field to user) - assuming that you change Notification’s sent (field) to Yes once it’s sent so it doesn’t do it again until it’s No again
Or… Only when Current user’s Notifications (list of notifications) doesn’t contain Notification whose created date is less than 24h. Etc. Some ideas.
If they’re not logged in maybe you can try to create a custom state? If This page’s notification_sent_already is No, run the workflow, otherwise it doesn’t. If it’s the first time, run the workflow and set notification_sent_already to Yes. So on.