Hello,
This is a pretty general question. I’ll go question by question.
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We don’t generate code per se, but we run apps using a core code that is shared among apps, some code that is custom to the app (based on which plugins you use), and the actual description of your page. So there’s no executable file. The way it works is a client-side rendering, building the page on the client and sending data over the wire (which is a fairly standard way to do things these days).
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Not necessarily. This design doesn’t imply what Bubble can and can’t do. To this question, I’ll quote our FAQ: “Bubble is very open-ended. By combining different data and logic operations, you can create very simple to extremely complicated applications. That said, there are some limits to what the core language can do. Bubble’s language is comparable in power to spreadsheet formulas: you can do a lot, but anything requiring recursive or looping operations on data (such as, for instance, writing a custom machine-learning algorithm) would be difficult. The good news is that Bubble is fully extensible via Javascript plugins. The Bubble model is to write the core website functionality using our super-simple language, and plug in Javascript to handle algorithms that are hard to build in Bubble.”
You can see more at https://bubble.io/faq